Detail Outline - Joseph Rost, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century (Westport, CT. Praeger, 1991, Chapter 5, p.102)

Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes.

The four essential elements are:

    1.  The relationship is based on influence.

                * The influence relationship is multidirectional.

                *  The influence behaviors are non-coercive.

    2.   Leaders and followers are people in the relationship.

                *  The followers are active.

                *  There must be more than one follower and there is typically more than one leader in the relationship.

                *  The relationship is inherently unequal because the influence patterns are unequal.

    3.  Leaders and followers intend real changes.

                * Intend means that the leaders and followers purposefully desire certain changes.

                * Real means that the changes that the leaders and followers intend must be substantive and transforming.

* Leaders and followers do not have to produce the changes in order for leadership to occur. they intend changes in the present.   The changes take place in the future, if they take place at all.

* Leaders and followers intend several changes at once.

    4.  Leaders and followers develop mutual purposes.

                * The mutuality of these purposes is forged in the non-coercive influence relationship.

                * Leaders and followers develop purposes, not goals.

                * The intended changes reflect, not realize, their purposes.

                * The mutual purposes become purposes.